Sections, repeats, and endings
File Structure showed a single section repeated. This page adds several sections, nested repeats, line-repeats, and a second ending. All of these appear in ลาวดวงเดือน.
Multiple sections
Section titled “Multiple sections”A score can have several sections. Their order comes from their position in <structure>, not from an attribute:
<structure> <section id="s1" name="ท่อน 1" /> <section id="s2" name="ท่อน 2" /> <section id="s3" name="ท่อน 3" /></structure>ท่อน 1 plays first, then ท่อน 2, then ท่อน 3. Renaming the id or moving the <section> element changes the order. Each section’s <section-ref> in <part-data> links to it by id.
Wrapping sections in repeats
Section titled “Wrapping sections in repeats”A <repeat> around a section plays it more than once. The tutorial file wraps each section:
<repeat times="2"> <annotation>ท่อน 1</annotation> <section id="s1" name="ท่อน 1" /> <annotation> <text align="right">(กลับต้น)</text> </annotation></repeat>ท่อน 1 plays twice. The annotation “(กลับต้น)” tells the player to return to the beginning of the section. Repeats nest: wrapping a <repeat> inside another multiplies the counts.
Line and measure numbers restart
Section titled “Line and measure numbers restart”Line and measure numbers are local to their parent. When a section repeats, the second playthrough restarts at line 1, measure 1. The numbers do not accumulate across repeats.
<!-- First play: line 1, measure 1 through 8 --><!-- Second play: line 1, measure 1 through 8 again -->This keeps references simple: “line 2, measure 5” means the same thing every time the section plays.
Line-repeat
Section titled “Line-repeat”<line-repeat> repeats one or more lines within a section, without rewriting them:
<section id="s2" name="ท่อน 2"> <line-repeat first="5" last="5" times="2"/></section>This repeats line 5 of ท่อน 2 twice. The first and last attributes name a range of lines; when they are the same, a single line repeats. When they differ, the whole range repeats.
From ลาวดวงเดือน, ท่อน 3 uses a range:
<section id="s3" name="ท่อน 3"> <line-repeat first="1" last="2" times="2"/> <line-repeat first="4" last="4" times="2"/></section>Lines 1 through 2 repeat twice, then line 4 repeats twice. The <line-repeat> elements are children of <section>, not of <structure>.
Endings
Section titled “Endings”Sometimes the last line of a section differs on the final repeat. <ending pass="2"> provides an alternate version of that line, used only on the specified pass:
<ending pass="2"> <annotation>ลงเที่ยว 2</annotation> <line number="4"> <measure number="1"></measure> <measure number="2"></measure> <measure number="3"></measure> <measure number="4"></measure> <measure number="5"></measure> <measure number="6"></measure> <measure number="7"><rest/><note pitch="ด"/><note pitch="ร"/><note pitch="ม"/></measure> <measure number="8"><rest/><note pitch="ร"/><rest/><note pitch="ด"/></measure> </line></ending>The <ending> replaces the corresponding line on the specified pass. On pass 1, the original line 4 plays as written. On pass 2, measures 1 through 6 are empty (the part rests) and measures 7 through 8 play the closing phrase. The annotation “ลงเที่ยว 2” marks the ending for the player.
An <ending> is a child of <section-ref>, not of <section>. Each part can have its own ending for the same section.
Example file
Section titled “Example file”This tutorial file contains ท่อน 1 (all 4 lines) and ท่อน 2 (5 lines with a line-repeat on line 5). ท่อน 1 has an <ending pass="2"> on line 4. Both sections are wrapped in <repeat times="2">.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><thai-score xmlns="https://thaimusicxml.anan.ovh/ns/1" version="1.0"> <header> <title>ลาวดวงเดือน</title> <composer><text align="right">ทำนอง: พระเจ้าบรมวงศ์เธอ กรมหมื่นพิไชยมหินทโรดม</text></composer> </header> <structure> <direction> <nathap value="ลาว" /> <chan value="2" /> <bpm>60</bpm> </direction> <repeat times="2"> <annotation>ท่อน 1</annotation> <section id="s1" name="ท่อน 1" /> <annotation> <text align="right">(กลับต้น)</text> </annotation> </repeat> <repeat times="2"> <annotation>ท่อน 2</annotation> <section id="s2" name="ท่อน 2"> <line-repeat first="5" last="5" times="2"/> </section> <annotation> <text align="right">(กลับต้น)</text> </annotation> </repeat> </structure> <ensemble> <part id="P1"> <instrument-name>ระนาดเอก</instrument-name> </part> </ensemble> <part-data part="P1"> <section-ref section="s1"> <line number="1"> <measure number="1"><rest/><rest/><rest/><rest/></measure> <measure number="2"><rest/><rest/><rest/><rest/></measure> <measure number="3"><rest/><note pitch="ด"/><note pitch="ร"/><note pitch="ม"/></measure> <measure number="4"><rest/><note pitch="ซ"/><rest/><note pitch="ด"/></measure> <measure number="5"><rest/><rest/><rest/><note pitch="ร"/></measure> <measure number="6"><note pitch="ด"/><note pitch="ด"/><note pitch="ด"/><note pitch="ด"/></measure> <measure number="7"><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ล"/><note pitch="ด"/><note pitch="ล"/></measure> <measure number="8"><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ม"/><rest/><note pitch="ซ"/></measure> </line> <line number="2"> <measure number="1"><rest/><rest/><rest/><note pitch="ล"/></measure> <measure number="2"><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ซ"/></measure> <measure number="3"><rest/><note pitch="ม"/><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ม"/></measure> <measure number="4"><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ล"/><note pitch="ด"/><note pitch="ล"/></measure> <measure number="5"><rest/><rest/><note pitch="ด"/><note pitch="ล"/></measure> <measure number="6"><rest/><note pitch="ซ"/><rest/><note pitch="ม"/></measure> <measure number="7"><note pitch="ร"/><note pitch="ม"/><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ม"/></measure> <measure number="8"><note pitch="ร"/><note pitch="ด"/><rest/><note pitch="ร"/></measure> </line> <line number="3"> <measure number="1"><rest/><rest/><rest/><note pitch="ม"/></measure> <measure number="2"><note pitch="ร"/><note pitch="ร"/><note pitch="ร"/><note pitch="ร"/></measure> <measure number="3"><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ล"/><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ด"/></measure> <measure number="4"><rest/><note pitch="ร"/><rest/><note pitch="ม"/></measure> <measure number="5"><rest/><note pitch="ซ"/><rest/><rest/></measure> <measure number="6"><rest/><note pitch="ด"/><rest/><note pitch="ร"/></measure> <measure number="7"><rest/><note pitch="ม"/><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ร"/></measure> <measure number="8"><note pitch="ม"/><note pitch="ร"/><note pitch="ด"/><note pitch="ล"/></measure> </line> <line number="4"> <measure number="1"><rest/><rest/><rest/><rest/></measure> <measure number="2"><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ล"/><note pitch="ด"/><note pitch="ม"/></measure> <measure number="3"><note pitch="ร"/><note pitch="ด"/><note pitch="ร"/><note pitch="ม"/></measure> <measure number="4"><rest/><note pitch="ซ"/><rest/><note pitch="ล"/></measure> <measure number="5"><rest/><rest/><note pitch="ด"/><note pitch="ล"/></measure> <measure number="6"><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ม"/><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ล"/></measure> <measure number="7"><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ล"/><note pitch="ด"/><note pitch="ล"/></measure> <measure number="8"><rest/><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ซ"/></measure> </line> <ending pass="2"> <annotation>ลงเที่ยว 2</annotation> <line number="4"> <measure number="1"></measure> <measure number="2"></measure> <measure number="3"></measure> <measure number="4"></measure> <measure number="5"></measure> <measure number="6"></measure> <measure number="7"><rest/><note pitch="ด"/><note pitch="ร"/><note pitch="ม"/></measure> <measure number="8"><rest/><note pitch="ร"/><rest/><note pitch="ด"/></measure> </line> </ending> </section-ref> <section-ref section="s2"> <line number="1"> <measure number="1"><rest/><rest/><rest/><note pitch="ล"/></measure> <measure number="2"><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ซ"/></measure> <measure number="3"><rest/><note pitch="ม"/><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ม"/></measure> <measure number="4"><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ล"/><note pitch="ด"/><note pitch="ล"/></measure> <measure number="5"><rest/><rest/><note pitch="ด"/><note pitch="ล"/></measure> <measure number="6"><rest/><note pitch="ซ"/><rest/><note pitch="ม"/></measure> <measure number="7"><note pitch="ร"/><note pitch="ม"/><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ม"/></measure> <measure number="8"><note pitch="ร"/><note pitch="ด"/><rest/><note pitch="ร"/></measure> </line> <line number="2"> <measure number="1"><rest/><rest/><rest/><note pitch="ม"/></measure> <measure number="2"><note pitch="ร"/><note pitch="ร"/><note pitch="ร"/><note pitch="ร"/></measure> <measure number="3"><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ล"/><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ด"/></measure> <measure number="4"><rest/><note pitch="ร"/><rest/><note pitch="ม"/></measure> <measure number="5"><rest/><note pitch="ซ"/><rest/><rest/></measure> <measure number="6"><rest/><note pitch="ด"/><rest/><note pitch="ร"/></measure> <measure number="7"><rest/><note pitch="ม"/><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ร"/></measure> <measure number="8"><note pitch="ม"/><note pitch="ร"/><note pitch="ด"/><note pitch="ล"/></measure> </line> <line number="3"> <measure number="1"><rest/><rest/><rest/><rest/></measure> <measure number="2"><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ล"/><note pitch="ด"/><note pitch="ม"/></measure> <measure number="3"><note pitch="ร"/><note pitch="ด"/><note pitch="ร"/><note pitch="ม"/></measure> <measure number="4"><rest/><note pitch="ซ"/><rest/><note pitch="ล"/></measure> <measure number="5"><rest/><rest/><note pitch="ด"/><note pitch="ล"/></measure> <measure number="6"><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ม"/><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ล"/></measure> <measure number="7"><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ล"/><note pitch="ด"/><note pitch="ล"/></measure> <measure number="8"><rest/><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ซ"/></measure> </line> <line number="4"> <measure number="1"><rest/><rest/><rest/><note pitch="ล"/></measure> <measure number="2"><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ซ"/></measure> <measure number="3"><rest/><note pitch="ม"/><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ม"/></measure> <measure number="4"><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ล"/><note pitch="ด"/><note pitch="ล"/></measure> <measure number="5"><rest/><rest/><note pitch="ด"/><note pitch="ล"/></measure> <measure number="6"><rest/><note pitch="ซ"/><rest/><note pitch="ม"/></measure> <measure number="7"><note pitch="ร"/><note pitch="ม"/><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ม"/></measure> <measure number="8"><note pitch="ร"/><note pitch="ด"/><rest/><note pitch="ร"/></measure> </line> <line number="5"> <measure number="1"><rest/><rest/><note pitch="ม"/><note pitch="ร"/></measure> <measure number="2"><note pitch="ด"/><note pitch="ร"/><note pitch="ม"/><note pitch="ซ"/></measure> <measure number="3"><note pitch="ล"/><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ด"/><note pitch="ล"/></measure> <measure number="4"><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ม"/><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ร"/></measure> <measure number="5"><rest/><note pitch="ด"/><note pitch="ร"/><note pitch="ม"/></measure> <measure number="6"><rest/><note pitch="ล"/><rest/><note pitch="ด"/></measure> <measure number="7"><note pitch="ร"/><note pitch="ด"/><note pitch="ล"/><note pitch="ซ"/></measure> <measure number="8"><note pitch="ม"/><note pitch="ซ"/><note pitch="ล"/><note pitch="ด"/></measure> </line> </section-ref> </part-data></thai-score>Next, see Ensembles and stacked instruments for scores with several parts and instruments notated across multiple rows.